Comment planter une graine de pêcher pour faire pousser votre propre arbre

tree peach seeds on a wooden cutting board


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Il y a quelque chose dans le fait de manger des fruits frais et mûrs qui nous donne envie de planter des graines dans notre jardin et de faire pousser nos propres arbres. De nombreux fruits sont faciles à cultiver à partir de graines, il suffit de penser à ces pastèques qui poussent sur le tas de compost ! Parmi les arbres fruitiers,

les pêchers

(ainsi que les nectarines et les abricots) sont


des candidats idéaux pour la culture à partir de graines. La plantation d’un pêcher à partir de graines est gratuite et les jeunes plants poussent rapidement, ce qui en fait un excellent projet pour les jardiniers débutants. Une bonne technique de plantation est importante pour la réussite de l’établissement du plant et de la croissance de l’arbre. Nous vous fournissons tout ce que vous devez savoir pour cultiver de délicieuses pêches à partir de graines.   ;



Récolte des graines de pêches

Bien que les pêches commerciales soient généralement produites par greffage, les pêches ont tendance à se développer à partir de graines. Cela signifie que le fruit du plant ressemblera étroitement à celui de la plante mère en termes de saveur et d’autres caractéristiques. Ainsi, les arbres cultivés à partir de graines constituent une option fiable et abordable (gratuite) pour les cultivateurs d’arrière-cour. Ne récoltez les graines que sur des pêches bien mûres. Pour obtenir les meilleurs résultats, achetez les fruits auprès de producteurs locaux dans un stand de ferme ou sur un marché de producteurs. Les pêches cultivées localement sont plus susceptibles d’être adaptées au climat de votre région que celles achetées à l’épicerie.

Il est important de planter des pêches bien adaptées à votre région. Tous les pêchers ont besoin d’une certaine période de froid pendant les mois d’hiver pour assurer un bon développement des feuilles et des boutons floraux au printemps suivant. C’est ce que l’on appelle le besoin de froid, qui se mesure par le nombre


d’heures accumulées à une température inférieure ou égale à 45 °F. Dans les régions côtières et autres endroits chauds, il est nécessaire de sélectionner des variétés de pêches dont les besoins en froid sont très faibles. L’utilisation de graines de pêches provenant de fruits cultivés par des producteurs locaux est un bon moyen de s’assurer que vous utilisez une variété de pêches adaptée aux conditions locales.

Goûtez plusieurs variétés de pêches différentes pour trouver celle(s) que vous préférez. Les pêches sont autofécondes, il suffit donc de planter un seul arbre ou une seule variété pour produire des fruits. Après avoir mangé les pêches, nettoyez les noyaux à l’aide d’une brosse et d’eau, puis laissez-les sécher sur votre plan de travail pendant plusieurs jours. Il sera ainsi plus facile de casser les noyaux et de retirer les graines à l’intérieur (facultatif) et cela réduira les risques de développement fongique sur les noyaux que vous planterez directement dans le jardin.   ;



Étape facultative : Casser les graines

Bien que vous puissiez planter les noyaux de pêche entiers, la germination des graines sera plus élevée si vous les retirez des noyaux. Il est également préférable de retirer les graines de pêches de leurs noyaux si vous devez stratifier les graines au réfrigérateur, comme décrit ci-dessous. Faites attention lorsque vous ouvrez les noyaux pour éviter d’endommager les graines (ou les embryons) qu’ils contiennent.

Pour ouvrir les noyaux de pêche, utilisez un casse-noix, un étau ou une pince à vis pour exercer une légère pression le long des joints. La graine à l’intérieur ressemble à une amande (un proche parent) par sa forme et sa couleur. Jetez les graines endommagées et celles qui présentent des signes de maladie, comme une décoloration ou une croissance floue. Jetez également toutes les


graines ratatinées et noircies. Conservez les graines dans un récipient hermétique dans un endroit frais, comme le réfrigérateur, jusqu’à ce que vous soyez prêt à commencer la germination.   ;



Préparation des graines de pêche

Like many seeds, peach seeds require a period of cold treatment, called stratification, to germinate properly. This cold period causes natural germination inhibitors to break down. This is an adaptation to ensure that seeds sprout at the proper time of year, in spring, and not during the winter months. If you live in a cool climate, seeds can be started outdoors and will naturally experience the cold period required for germination. However, if you live in a warm climate, you will need to provide this period of cold stratification in your refrigerator.

Peach seeds require a cold stratification period of one to three months at temperatures between 32 and 45˚F. To germinate seeds in time for spring planting, begin stratifying seeds about four months prior to your average last frost date in spring. Remove seeds from their pits for indoor stratification.

To stratify seeds indoors:

  1. Soak seeds overnight in room temperature water.

  2. Place seeds in a lidded container filled with slightly moist potting media. Do not make the media too wet as it will promote mold.

  3. Close the container and store it in the refrigerator. Keep seeds away from apples and other fruits. Do not allow the seeds to freeze.

  4. Check seeds regularly beginning about one month after starting stratification. In time, you will see thick white roots begin to emerge.

  5. Keep sprouted seeds in the refrigerator until ready to plant outdoors. The best time to plant sprouted peach seeds outdoors is about one month prior to your last frost date.



Planting The Peach Seed

Gardeners in locations experiencing cold winters can plant peach seeds directly in the ground or start them in outdoor containers in autumn (September to November, depending on location). If starting seeds in the ground, plant them where you want the tree to grow, allowing 15 to 20 feet

between trees. You may wish to plant 2-3 seeds per location, removing all but the strongest sapling once plants initiate growth in spring.

Select a planting site with full sun and well-draining soil. Prepare a planting bed at least 5 to 6 feet (preferably 10) in diameter by cultivating to a depth of 10 to 12 inches and incorporating organic matter such as compost. Conduct a soil test and adjust nutrients and pH accordingly. Peaches perform best in soils with a pH around 6.5.

To start seeds in outdoor containers, select a container with good drainage that is about 12 inches deep. Peat pots, paper pots, milk cartons, and other disposable materials make a great potting container as they can be cut away from the root ball without damaging roots. Bury containers in

the ground so that the soil surface is even with the surrounding soil. This helps to keep the soil and seed insulated over the winter.

Follow these steps for planting peach seeds:

  1. Plant seeds twice as deep as their length–about 3 inches deep–in containers or well-draining garden soil.

  2. Pack soil gently around the seed and water until moist, but not soggy.

  3. Apply several inches of mulch to insulate seeds and maintain soil moisture.

  4. Protect seeds from squirrels and other critters by covering the containers or planting bed with a wire cage or hardware cloth, extending the cage several inches into the soil.

  5. Water throughout winter only when the soil has completely dried.

  6. Transplant container-grown seedlings into the garden when they reach a height of 12 inches.

Peach seeds stratified in the refrigerator can be planted in the garden about one month before the final frost date using these same planting steps.



Caring For Peach Seedlings

Peach seedlings are fast growers and will produce a crop within three to five years. Select a planting site that receives at least six hours of direct sun daily and which is not shaded from nearby buildings or shade trees. Fruit blossoms are sensitive to spring frosts. Look for a planting site that sits higher in the landscape to allow cold air to fall away on chilly nights. Make sure the soil at the planting site drains within one hour following heavy rain as peach trees do not tolerate soggy soil. Sandy and loamy soils are ideal.

Peaches require regular irrigation during the first growing season as saplings establish. Monitor rainfall and provide supplemental irrigation as needed to provide plants with about one inch of water per week. Water slowly and deeply to thoroughly wet the root zone. Apply a three-inch layer of mulch in a three-foot circle surrounding the tree. This helps conserve soil moisture and manages weeds that compete with saplings for water and nutrients.

In many areas of the South, soil pH needs to be adjusted to provide ideal conditions for peach trees. Many gardeners will need to lime soil to raise the pH to around 6.5. Amend soil pH prior to planting and conduct a soil test every two to three years, adding additional amendments as needed. Fertilize new plantings with ½ pound of balanced (10-10-10) fertilizer one week after planting, keeping fertilizer 8 to 12 inches away from the trunk. Apply the same amount again 5 weeks later. In subsequent years, make fertilizer applications in March and May, increasing the amount to ¾ pounds in the second and third year, and one pound in years four and beyond.

Peaches are susceptible to several insect and disease pests. Commercial growers spray plants every seven to ten days beginning at bloom and lasting through harvest. Home gardeners can also use a spray program to manage pests, but many backyard growers do not like using pesticides in the landscape. Spray programs targeting fungi and plum curculio insects are most critical to producing a good harvest. An alternative is bagging individual fruits with a mesh bag to protect them, certainly a labor-intensive strategy. Other management strategies include proper sanitation. Dispose of any fruits or branches showing signs of disease in the trash, and do not let fallen fruits remain in the garden.



Pruning And Thinning Peach Trees

Peaches develop large dense foliage that shades the interior branches. To provide developing fruit with ample sunlight, peach trees are commonly pruned to an open center shape. This is done by cutting back the growing tip of the trunk (called the central leader) during the first winter after

planting and selectively removing side branches. The goal is to remove all but three or four strong branches spaced evenly around the trunk. These will become the tree’s scaffold branches. Identify the strongest branches to serve as scaffold branches. The lowest branch should stand around 18 inches above the ground, with about 6 inches in height between subsequent scaffold branches. Remove all other side branches and cut the central leader back just above the topmost scaffold.

A vigorous, well maintained peach tree often produces more fruit than it can support. This can cause branches to break from the weight of the fruit. It some years, it is necessary to remove many of the developing fruit. This can be done by hand or, for very large trees, by beating branches

with a pole. Thin fruits about four weeks after full bloom, leaving one peach every six inches. The remaining fruit will be larger and more flavorful than if trees had not been thinned.


Frequently Asked Questions


  • Can I plant a peach seed directly in the ground?

    Yes, if your location has sufficiently cold winters you can plant peach seeds directly in the ground.


  • How long does it take for a peach seed to germinate?

    Peach seeds require a cold period of one to three months, depending on variety, to break dormancy and germinate.


  • Do I need to crack the peach seed before planting?

    While it is not necessary to crack peach pits before planting, cracking pits and removing the seeds increases germination rates.


  • What are the ideal growing conditions for peach seedlings?

    Peach seedlings thrive in full sun and well-drained soils. Soil drainage is critical, as roots are prone to root rot.


  • How often should I water my peach seedling?

    Water peach seedlings every seven to ten days if adequate rainfall (about 1 inch)  has not fallen.